This small rocket powered aircraft was used by the Japanese navy at the end of WWII as a desperate means of attacking allied capital ships.
After release from the mother aircraft (a Mitsubishi G4M2e bomber)the rocket motor would ignite to give the vehicle a range of about 20 miles. The kamikazi pilot would then guide the plane, its nose ladden with high explosive, onto the target.
The weapon had only limited success. Because American Navy fighters patroled further than 20 miles away from any capital ship, the unwieldy mother ship/rocket plane combination proved a sitting duck for the American pilots.
Home Planes and stuff WWII jet fighter TSR.2 bomber Bristol Type 188link for more details here